SOLUTION: Columbia University in The City of New York Work and Life Balance Worksheet

Homework 5: Work and Life Balance
Background
For this assignment, we will be working to understand the impact of different
working models on the perceived satisfaction of employees with regard to
their work/life balance. Corporate goals often incentivize working longer hours
and in more demanding roles. However, alternative models exist. Some
businesses and countries are experimenting with shorter working weeks or
changes to their corporate cultures.
To further examine the issue, a team of researchers partnered with a number
of companies to examine the impact of their corporate culture and the length
of the working week on the overall satisfaction of employees with regard to
their work/life balance. The research team had previously classified the
working culture of these companies as either relaxed or demanding based
upon validated research tools.
The researchers conducted an experiment with working weeks of different
lengths. Prior to the experiment, all of these companies operated with
conventional 5-day working weeks and standard hours. Each company was
randomized to implement either a 3-day working week, a 4-day working week,
or to maintain its conventional 5-day working week. The overall number of
expected working hours was held in proportion to the working week (e.g. 8
hours per day for the number of days worked). However, the compensation of
the participating employees remained fixed at their prior levels. Training was
provided to the managers and the employees to set reasonable expectations
for what should be accomplished in the shortened working weeks. The
companies were monitored to ensure compliance with the schedule and the
expectations. The study was conducted over a period of 6 weeks.
At the end of this period, consenting employees were given a survey that
assessed their satisfaction with their balance of work and life. The answers
were combined into an overall measure of satisfaction ranging from 0 to 100.
In this assignment, we will be working with the information provided to analyze
the satisfaction scores and consider other possible implications of changes in
the typical working conditions of companies.
Data
The data are available in the file work and life balance.csv
work and life balance.csv.
Download
For each consenting employee, information on their years of experience and
whether they are a manager was collected. Data about each employee’s
company was recorded, including its identifier, industry, and the assessment
of its working culture. The company’s randomly assigned workweek was
included, and each employee’s overall satisfaction score was recorded.
Instructions
Based upon the information above and the data provided, please answer the
following questions. When numeric answers are requested, a few sentences
of explanation should also be provided. Please show your code for any
calculations performed.
Preliminary Code
This section of the report is reserved for any work you plan to do ahead of
answering the questions – such as loading or exploring the data.
Question 1
Changing the length of the working week would be:
a) Not actionable because the company is unable to implement the change.
b) Not actionable because the company faces an uncertain and competitive
market.
c) Actionable because the company is able to implement the change.
d) Actionable because the employees are requesting it.
Question 2
Changing the working culture of the company is
a) Not actionable because of longstanding workplace traditions.
b) Not actionable because culture cannot be mandated by management.
c) Actionable because it only requires simple changes.
d) Actionable but requires commitment to new practices.
Question 3
How should we phrase the research question related to the length of the
working week?
a) Does a shorter working week lead to improved satisfaction?
b) Relative to a standard 5-day working week, would reductions to a) 4 days
per week or b) 3 days per week increase the average satisfaction score for
work/life balance, all while holding the employee’s income fixed?
c) Since before the advent of a standard weekend, workers have long
advocated for reduced working hours. Would shifting to a shorter working
week be satisfactory?
d) Relative to a standard 5-day working week, would reductions to a) 4 days
per week or b) 3 days per week increase the average income, all while
holding the employee’s work/life balance fixed?
Question 4
How should we phrase the research question related to the working culture?
a) Would shifting to a relaxed working culture reduce the length of the
average working week?
b) Relative to a relaxed working culture, would changing to a demanding
working culture increase the average satisfaction score for work/life
balance?
c) Relative to a demanding working culture, would changing to a relaxed
working culture take away all of the stress of work?
d) Relative to a demanding working culture, would changing to a relaxed
working culture increase the average satisfaction score for work/life
balance?
Question 5
With regard to evaluating the effect of changes to the working week, the
study is
a) Well designed because of the randomization of companies to different
lengths of working weeks.
b) Well designed because we are able to collect data.
c) Not well designed because no company will ever let its employees work 3
days a week.
d) Not well designed because of unmeasured confounding factors.
Question 6
With regard to evaluating the effect of changes to the working culture, the
study is
a) Well designed because of the randomization of companies to different
workplace cultures.
b) Well designed because we are able to collect data.
c) Designed to measure the effect through an observational study, which is
the best we can do in these circumstances.
d) Not well designed because the study is observational.
Question 7
What kind of statistical method could be employed to analyze the data and
evaluate the research questions?
a) Linear Regression or 1-Way ANOVA
b) Linear Regression or 2-Way ANOVA
c) Logistic Regression or 1-Way ANOVA
d) Logistic Regression or 2-Way ANOVA
Question 8
If we use a regression model to analyze the data and evaluate the research
questions, what kind of effects will we be able to obtain? Select all that apply.
a) Estimated changes in the mean outcomes associated with changes in the
independent variables.
b) The correlation between the independent and dependent variables.
c) The total and percentage of the explained variation attributed to the
variable.
d) The estimated effect of each categorical level of the independent variable
relative to a base case.
Question 9
If we use an ANOVA model to analyze the data and evaluate the research
questions, what kind of effects will we be able to obtain? Select all that
apply.
a) Estimated changes in the mean outcomes associated with changes in the
independent variables.
b) The correlation between the independent and dependent variables.
c) The total and percentage of the explained variation attributed to the
variable.
d) The estimated effect of each categorical level of the independent variable
relative to a base case.
Question 10
The model of satisfaction:
a) Should only include the independent variables because the study involves
a randomized comparison.
b) Should adjust for potentially confounding factors because the study
involves an evaluation based on observational data.
c) Should be separated into different analyses since the working week has 3
levels and the culture has 2.
d) Must be paired with Tukey’s HSD test to be valid.
Question 11
Fit a multivariable regression model of satisfaction. Show a summary of its
results. Include all of the variables except for the company. In particular,
company-specific effects would not generalize as well to broader industries.
Then build an appropriate ANOVA model with the same specifications and
show its summary. Keep in mind that the ANOVA model should place the
independent variables last. For our study, make the working week the final
variable and include the culture next to last. Show your code and output in
the box below.
Question 12
With regard to effect of the working week, the models show that:
a) Reductions in the length of the working week have no effect on the
average satisfaction.
b) Reductions in the length of the working week have a positive effect on the
average satisfaction.
c) Reductions in the length of the working week have a negative effect on
the average satisfaction.
d) The effect is moderately predictive based on the model’s R Squared.
Question 13
With regard to effect of the working culture, the models show that:
a) Changes in the working culture lead to an increase in the average
satisfaction.
b) The average satisfaction was higher for companies with a demanding
working culture than for companies with a relaxed working culture.
c) The average satisfaction was higher for companies with a relaxed working
culture than for companies with a demanding working culture.
d) There is no way to draw a conclusion because the study was observational.
Question 14
If a company with a 5-day working week and a demanding culture shifted to a
4-day working week and a relaxed culture, what would be the estimate of the
associated increase in the average satisfaction score? Round your answer to
4 decimal places.
Question 15
What if we wanted to compare all of the average satisfaction scores in the
three groups of working weeks? For this analysis, you may ignore the other
variables. Use Tukey’s HSD to calculate
a) the difference in mean values,
b) the 95% confidence interval, and
c) the adjusted p-value.
Place these results in a table, with each row corresponding to one of the
pairwise comparisons.
Round all numeric results to 3 decimal places. Show your code and output in
the box below.
Question 16
Now conduct separate t-tests of whether a shorter working schedule increases
satisfaction for each pair of schedules. Which of these results would remain
significant with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons? Show the pvalues for the t-tests, the corrected threshold for a 0.05 significance level, and
whether the differences remain significant after the adjustment. Round all
numeric results to 3 decimal places. Show your code and output in the box
below.
Question 17
Thinking about the evaluation of the length of the working week, the 6-week
time frame is:
a) Not long because the employees would not be able to plan for the days
off.
b) Not long because the managers would not be able to adjust to the shorter
working week.
c) Long enough for employees and managers to reflect on how their
work/life balance has changed in a way that would show up in the
assessment their satisfaction with theirf work/life balance.
d) Too long, because we could just ask everyone to take the work/life
balance assessment while imagining a shorter working week.
Question 18
Now the researchers would like to build upon the work of the first study they
conducted. Anecdotally, those working the shorter weeks during the
experiment frequently mentioned the benefit of getting more rest. This is what
we want to investigate. The new study will be conducted entirely separately
from the old one.
Based on the feedback of the previous experiment, a 3-day working week
would not be very practical for the companies, while 4 days seemed more
reasonable. The researchers will conduct a randomized comparison. One
group of companies will stick with a standard 5-day working week, while
another group of companies will use a 4-day working week without
modification of their salaries. The companies will be randomly assigned to a
group. The nightly amount of sleep will be tracked for each consenting
participant. The study will continue over a 6-week period. Then, for each
subject, the sleeping records will be aggregated into a single figure (e.g. 7.83
hours per night). The study will compare the average nightly hours of sleep
per person for the two groups.
To implement this study, what are the primary operational challenges?
Select all that apply:
a) Should we be concerned about how the participants spend their free time,
such as evening plans for the extra day off?
b) To track sleeping times, should we have the participants keep a written
record or wear a technological device?
c) How can we ensure training and compliance with the 4-day working
week?
d) Should we ensure that the companies stick to their typical workplace
culture? We would not want a demanding workplace to turn into a relaxed
one while implementing a 4-day working week.
e) The companies with a 4-day working week might have employees who are
not participating in the study. We should also track their sleeping times to
get a larger sample size.
f)
We don’t know if some of the employees working 4-day weeks will get an
additional job to be worked outside of then. If we find out about it, should
we adjust their sleeping times or switch them to the treatment group?
Question 19
The researchers are hoping to sample approximately 200 employees for the
new study, evenly divided into two groups of 100. They have selected a
minimally meaningful effect size of 30 minutes of additional sleep per night.
The study will use a significance level of 0.05. For now, assume that the
standard deviation of sleeping times is 1 hour. What would be the power of
your proposed statistical test in this scenario? Produce a numeric answer
that is rounded to 4 decimal places.
Question 20
For the new study, it may be difficult to convince companies to consider a 4day working week and to convince employees to provide you with their
records of sleep. How would these results change if you could only get 30
employees in the group with the 4-day working week? Assume that the other
inputs from the previous question will be used. What would be the power of
your proposed statistical test in this scenario? Produce a numeric answer
that is rounded to 4 decimal places.
Question 21
Assuming that we hold the other inputs fixed from the previous 2 questions,
what sample size would be needed in the 4-day working week group to
achieve a power of 0.9? Make sure to round your answer up to a whole
number.
Question 22
What are the trade-offs between power and sample size in statistical testing?
a) Increased power provides a greater chance of detecting statistically
significant effects when the null hypothesis is true. However, it comes at
the cost of greater resources in running the study on a larger sample size.
b) Increased power provides a greater chance of detecting statistically
significant effects when the null hypothesis is false. However, it comes at
the cost of greater resources in running the study on a larger sample size.
c) Increased power does not come with any trade-offs if we run a
randomized controlled trial, since we’ll be able to determine a causal
effect at any sample size.
d) Increased sample sizes are not related to the power, but they will help us
get a small p-value.
Question 23
In our earlier analyses, we had assumed that the standard deviation of
sleeping times was 1 hour. If this assumption is incorrect, what impact will it
have on the statistical power?
a) The statistical power is not related to the standard deviation.
b) If the true standard deviation is larger than 1 hour, the power of the
statistical test will increase.
c) If the true standard deviation is larger than 1 hour, the power of the
statistical test will decrease.
d) We can’t know what effect the standard deviation will have because it can
only be estimated from data.
Question 24
Suppose we had been able to add a third group to the planned study so that
we could test the 3-day, 4-day, and 5-day working weeks. We would like to
study the differences in mean nightly sleeping time across these groups using
a one-way ANOVA model. The experiment would have 100 employees in each
group while planning for a power of 0.8 using a significance level of 0.05.
Under these circumstances, what is the minimal effect size that could be
detected? Convert the calculated effect size into minutes under an
assumption that the standard deviation is 1 hour. Produce a numeric answer
that is rounded to 2 decimal places.
Question 25
Thinking holistically about all of the work performed in the previous questions,
what have we demonstrated? Select all that apply.
a) Shorter working weeks are associated with greater average satisfaction
with work/life balance.
b) Relaxed working cultures are associated with greater average satisfaction
with work/life balance.
c) Shorter working weeks are associated with increases in the average nightly
sleeping time.
d) Relaxed working cultures are associated with increases in the average
nightly sleeping time.
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5 Days
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4 Days
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4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
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5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
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Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
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Health Care
Health Care
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
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Health Care
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Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Health Care
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Health Care
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Health Care
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Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
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Demanding
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Demanding
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Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
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Demanding
Demanding
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Demanding
Demanding
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4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
3 Days
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Engineering
Engineering
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Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
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Demanding
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Relaxed
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Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
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Demanding
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3 Days
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5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
3 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
3 Days
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Education
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Health Care
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Health Care
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Education
Education
Engineering
Education
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Engineering
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Engineering
Education
Education
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
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Demanding
Demanding
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Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
3 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
80
69
71
84
75
69
86
76
61
70
60
67
57
87
62
77
69
76
70
74
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66
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67
61
76
60
52
65
74
87
69
80
69
71
79
67
64
60
71
67
63
61
32
40
14
16
12
13
0
26
13
21
40
25
13
0
17
13
22
26
40
38
28
22
11
15
21
16
32
40
33
27
6
33
32
39
23
34
4
37
0
3
11
16
20
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
Company 13
Company 4
Company 15
Company 14
Company 9
Company 13
Company 12
Company 12
Company 12
Company 9
Company 11
Company 8
Company 13
Company 9
Company 15
Company 13
Company 6
Company 9
Company 3
Company 3
Company 2
Company 2
Company 9
Company 5
Company 14
Company 4
Company 5
Company 8
Company 4
Company 7
Company 5
Company 11
Company 4
Company 7
Company 9
Company 10
Company 1
Company 14
Company 6
Company 1
Company 11
Company 4
Company 12
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Education
Education
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Education
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
3 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
3 Days
3 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
3 Days
83
76
59
76
58
82
73
92
90
68
64
66
74
71
61
73
69
66
68
68
63
69
58
62
62
76
70
67
79
72
69
66
70
67
61
69
57
60
59
73
59
60
88
31
21
21
16
19
7
3
31
15
16
22
27
24
35
28
37
39
12
40
38
5
29
0
1
9
0
20
33
27
13
3
1
29
37
14
1
23
0
25
0
19
32
21
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
Company 3
Company 7
Company 1
Company 15
Company 1
Company 15
Company 9
Company 11
Company 11
Company 5
Company 14
Company 13
Company 3
Company 2
Company 1
Company 6
Company 3
Company 5
Company 11
Company 14
Company 14
Company 12
Company 10
Company 2
Company 11
Company 11
Company 14
Company 13
Company 10
Company 12
Company 5
Company 4
Company 15
Company 3
Company 12
Company 10
Company 7
Company 7
Company 6
Company 7
Company 10
Company 12
Company 7
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Education
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Education
Education
Education
Health Care
Education
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Education
Health Care
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
83
67
65
66
61
51
69
64
58
65
65
75
76
64
71
57
73
67
72
69
74
78
64
58
64
65
74
83
74
74
74
71
61
74
85
70
72
74
59
65
64
97
73
7
40
2
22
15
30
32
35
35
1
2
0
17
23
0
0
39
15
38
0
2
5
34
21
32
19
35
37
36
31
35
29
15
0
5
7
21
22
15
30
2
4
37
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
Company 5
Company 1
Company 7
Company 10
Company 14
Company 10
Company 2
Company 1
Company 11
Company 1
Company 15
Company 1
Company 10
Company 11
Company 12
Company 3
Company 11
Company 7
Company 12
Company 9
Company 7
Company 6
Company 1
Company 5
Company 11
Company 2
Company 4
Company 10
Company 4
Company 13
Company 10
Company 12
Company 5
Company 15
Company 8
Company 7
Company 9
Company 5
Company 14
Company 13
Company 3
Company 14
Company 10
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Engineering
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
3 Days
3 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
65
64
70
62
77
64
67
74
67
77
68
66
66
70
85
62
67
53
69
68
63
58
57
73
72
76
80
72
75
74
65
86
65
56
78
64
59
69
76
73
57
69
62
27
0
10
36
14
8
7
0
14
23
34
39
14
3
13
32
34
20
2
16
5
15
2
6
33
7
26
12
15
24
20
17
30
5
31
29
7
3
30
18
24
40
14
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Company 12
Company 12
Company 5
Company 8
Company 8
Company 2
Company 1
Company 12
Company 10
Company 13
Company 14
Company 13
Company 5
Company 1
Company 5
Company 14
Company 4
Company 4
Company 15
Company 11
Company 5
Company 5
Company 1
Company 1
Company 15
Company 14
Company 9
Company 5
Company 10
Company 9
Company 1
Company 14
Company 4
Company 6
Company 9
Company 13
Company 5
Company 11
Company 13
Company 5
Company 15
Company 9
Company 10
Education
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Education
Engineering
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Education
Engineering
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
3 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
93
83
66
73
69
63
56
75
69
63
75
73
70
63
73
68
71
79
61
64
55
66
70
64
66
59
58
66
63
58
54
69
71
47
67
84
63
68
75
66
64
68
81
6
20
20
36
24
14
4
23
8
43
36
17
43
28
25
40
20
1
30
5
7
20
8
39
25
39
42
4
7
24
39
29
2
0
24
3
11
4
11
32
0
20
26
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
Company 4
Company 3
Company 7
Company 3
Company 2
Company 2
Company 1
Company 15
Company 10
Company 5
Company 4
Company 15
Company 6
Company 3
Company 4
Company 15
Company 13
Company 7
Company 8
Company 15
Company 14
Company 7
Company 11
Company 14
Company 6
Company 14
Company 15
Company 12
Company 9
Company 10
Company 10
Company 3
Company 8
Company 5
Company 15
Company 6
Company 7
Company 12
Company 11
Company 12
Company 11
Company 14
Company 7
Education
Education
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Education
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Education
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
70
72
70
72
70
67
69
69
49
67
79
57
64
77
75
54
77
63
69
72
72
73
63
69
55
72
66
79
58
74
87
72
72
66
62
53
65
82
60
75
62
81
67
3
1
27
17
33
31
15
4
1
16
33
25
38
0
27
25
26
39
15
37
0
12
2
35
27
36
6
4
41
36
14
26
4
36
4
42
37
7
14
37
8
28
0
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
Company 14
Company 9
Company 15
Company 15
Company 15
Company 10
Company 7
Company 5
Company 1
Company 1
Company 7
Company 14
Company 7
Company 7
Company 12
Company 5
Company 7
Company 11
Company 11
Company 15
Company 7
Company 3
Company 14
Company 3
Company 9
Company 15
Company 9
Company 14
Company 5
Company 7
Company 7
Company 9
Company 12
Company 14
Company 9
Company 14
Company 8
Company 6
Company 9
Company 5
Company 7
Company 14
Company 8
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
62
63
65
60
63
72
71
72
58
62
70
67
69
68
87
65
64
64
64
60
70
67
69
69
67
83
64
60
76
71
62
71
85
74
61
70
59
53
67
72
66
65
66
35
0
2
20
39
38
26
39
39
4
42
4
7
21
21
31
0
33
9
0
2
32
8
16
24
6
6
0
2
1
29
6
36
22
27
18
0
10
37
22
5
37
36
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
Company 9
Company 1
Company 9
Company 15
Company 4
Company 15
Company 9
Company 11
Company 15
Company 4
Company 3
Company 3
Company 9
Company 14
Company 7
Company 7
Company 1
Company 3
Company 7
Company 4
Company 15
Company 1
Company 13
Company 8
Company 4
Company 8
Company 15
Company 13
Company 12
Company 1
Company 5
Company 10
Company 15
Company 10
Company 6
Company 8
Company 15
Company 6
Company 10
Company 7
Company 1
Company 5
Company 12
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Education
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Education
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Education
Education
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
3 Days
4 Days
4 Days
3 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
67
73
55
73
79
64
78
79
67
79
79
67
66
65
68
70
63
80
65
79
59
69
73
60
74
63
65
78
79
73
67
69
61
78
60
80
68
58
78
78
64
73
84
35
33
12
32
19
25
11
20
26
20
0
2
26
10
32
34
3
36
36
36
12
9
0
27
14
6
18
17
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
Company 2
Company 3
Company 13
Company 4
Company 5
Company 7
Company 15
Company 3
Company 1
Company 14
Company 4
Company 10
Company 9
Company 6
Company 11
Company 4
Company 4
Company 11
Company 7
Company 14
Company 8
Company 12
Company 12
Company 1
Company 6
Company 11
Company 14
Company 15
Health Care
Education
Health Care
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Education
Engineering
Engineering
Education
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Education
Health Care
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Education
Education
Engineering
Engineering
Health Care
Engineering
Health Care
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Demanding
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
Relaxed
Relaxed
Demanding
4 Days
4 Days
3 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
4 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
4 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
3 Days
3 Days
5 Days
4 Days
5 Days
4 Days
3 Days
3 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
5 Days
4 Days
82
66
68
73
61
69
56
67
72
63
75
73
64
55
64
81
66
68
63
73
76
85
85
70
64
60
77
58

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