SOLUTION: BUS 352 GCU Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Bo Diddley Tech Worksheet

View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions.

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Benchmark Report
Name of Student
Institution affiliation

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Benchmark Report
1. Introduction
Unethical behavior accusations towards a group of students by possible employment bodies
like corporate officers, Wall Street executives, and financial managers is a sensitive matter and
should be investigated and addressed by any dean of students. This study focuses on the
accusations labeled against business students. The study aims at analyzing the sample data
collected using statical methods and using evidence from the data to make conclusions about the
accusations of unethical behavior.
2. Data Collection and Description
In this study, a sample of 100 students was selected randomly from a secondary data source
of 1440 students at Bo Diddley Tech. Half of them were business students, while the other half
were nonbusiness students. Each of the 1440 Business Students at Bo Diddley Tech in the source
file had an equal probability of being chosen because by using the random number generator to
randomize the selected sample, a random sampling method was in use.
3. Organization of Data

The data collected from the 100 sample students are in the contingency table above, with
the main categories being business students and non-business students. Each main category had

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two sub-categories, athletic and non-athletic. Students in each category and sub-category were
classified as cheated or did not cheat.
4. Visualization
Include and describe your bar chart and initial perceptions of outcomes.

Frequency

Bar Chart
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

No
Yes

Ath

Non_Ath
Bus

Ath

Non_Ath
Non_Bus

The bar chart of the frequency of students who cheated and those who did not cheat for the
two categories of business and non-business students shows that the number who cheated is higher
than the number who did not cheat. The highest number of students who cheated was observed in
the business non-athlete group of 18 students while the lowest number was observed in business
athlete and non-business non-athlete students with 15 observations each. The difference in the
number of students who cheated among the four groups does not seem very large have any
statistically significant differences in the number of students who cheated. The accuracy of the
observation should be confirmed using a chi-square test for independence. The highest number of
students who did not cheat was observed in the non-business non-athlete category, 13 students.
The two categories business non-athlete and non-business non-athlete groups had the lowest
number of students who did not cheat, 7 students each.

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5. Analysis and Summary of conclusions.
In the first test, the null hypothesis states that there is no difference in the rate of cheating
between business non-athlete students and the national average for business students against the
null hypothesis that there is a difference in the rate of cheating between business nonathlete
students and the national average for business students. ?0 : ? = 0.56 against ?? : ? ≠ 0.56. This
is a two-tailed, with the p-value being larger than 0.05, the null hypothesis is not rejected.
In the second hypothesis test, the null hypothesis states that the rate of cheating among
business athlete students at BDT is greater than or equal to the national average against the
alternative hypothesis that the rate of cheating among business athlete students at BDT is less than
the national average. ?0 : ? ≥ 0.56 against ?? : ?
greater than 0.05 leading to the nonrejection of the null hypothesis.
In the third test for population proportion, the null hypothesis states that the rate of cheating
among BDT business students is equal to the national average and is tested against the alternative
that the cheating rate is different between the BDT business students and the national average.
?0 : ? = 0.56 against ?? : ? ≠ 0.56. This is a 2-tailed with a p-value greater than 0.05 and the null
hypothesis is not rejected.
The null hypothesis of the fourth test of proportion states that there is no difference in the
rate of cheating between nonbusiness students and the national average while the alternative states
that there is a significant difference in the cheating rate between BDT nonbusiness students and
the national average rate of cheating for non-business students. ?0 : ? = 0.47 against ?? : ? ≠ 0.47.
The test is two-tailed with a p-value less than 0.05 and the null hypothesis is rejected.

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The fifth test is for the difference between two population proportions. The null hypothesis
states, the cheating levels between business athlete students and business nonathlete students are
the same. The alternative hypothesis states that the cheating rate is different between business
student-athletes and business nonathletes. ?0 : ?1 = ?2 and ?? : ?1 ≠ ?2 . This is a two-tailed with
a p-value above 0.05 leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.
The test for independence is the sixth with the null hypothesis stating that the rate of
cheating is the same for all the categories while the alternative hypothesis states that the rate of
cheating in college is dependent on college or athletic participation.
?0 : ??? ?????? ?ℎ??? ?? ?ℎ? ???? ????, and
?? : ?ℎ??? ?? ? ?????????? ?? ?ℎ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??ℎ????? ?????????????.
The test for independence is right-tailed with a p-value greater than 0.05and the null hypothesis is
rejected.

6. Ethical Summary
Ethical dilemmas in the statistical analysis include tweaking results to fit an individual’s
goals, misrepresentation of results, tampering with data, or sharing information given by
respondents. The request by the dean to “tweak” the results is unethical and is meant to mislead

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the public about the current situation of cheating in the school. The possible outcome is that if the
results suggested that revealed widespread cheating but the conclusion is tweaked to show there is
no cheating, the parents and other stakeholders would be comfortable that the situation is under
control and take no action. This will lead to cheating increasing and more students, parents, and
other stakeholders will be affected negatively. The best proposal is to highlight the negative effects
of tweaking the results to suit the manager and advise that the actual results be reported as they are
with countermeasures towards cheating that the school has implemented to control the situation.
7. Conclusion
The hypothesis tests indicate that there is no significant difference in the cheating rate
between business nonathletes and the national average, between business students and the national
average, and between business athletes and business nonathletes. The cheating rate is not
significantly low for business athlete students compared to the national average. According to the
test for independence, the data also suggests that the rate of cheating is not influenced by a student
being an athlete as claimed by the dean of the College of Business (COB) at Bo Diddley Tech
(BDT).

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Reference
Daoud, Jamal & Azram, M. (2014). ETHICAL ISSUES WHEN USING STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS IN RESEARCH. 26. 1841-18462014.
Hand, D. (2018). Aspects of Data Ethics in a Changing World: Where Are We Now? Big
Data, 6(3), 176-190. doi: 10.1089/big.2018.0083
Sharpe, N., De Veaux, R., & Velleman, P. (2019). Business Statistics (4th ed.). Pearson Education
UK.

View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions.

Benchmark – Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Bo Diddley Tech

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Define the problem.
Collect data from the appropriate source(s).
O…