If the founder of the organization is a workaholic and control

If the founder of the organization is a workaholic and control oriented, the organization is likely to be characterized as: 

‘the web’ whereby the manager is in the center of an interconnected circle.

fast-paced decision making and centralized.

decentralized and open.

participative and supportive.

The High and Low Context model of culture addresses: 

different cultural values.

differences in communication styles.

differences in leadership patterns.

the organizational cultural context.

•

o

The belief that leaders are born rather than made is part of which approach to leadership? 

scientific

contingency

case study

trait

•

o

Personality is best defined as: 

a person’s traits based on their genes.

a set of traits that make a person unique.

how people behave based on their values.

behaviors that make people different.

In __________ cultures, power bases are stable, and upward mobility is limited. 

individualistic

socialized

vertical power

high power distance

The contingency models such as Path-Goal all focus on: 

how leaders use their resources.

the transaction between leaders and followers.

the relationship between leaders and followers.

behaviors that make people different.

The job of upper echelon leaders requires an equal focus on: 

internal/external.

people/task.

financial/performance.

teams/departments.

The concept of employee participation is party of many management and leadership theories. Which one of the following does NOT include the concept of participation? 

Theory X and Theory Y

Leader behavior research

Contingency models

Trait approach

__________ refers to the process of providing support to assure the change becomes permanent. 

Unfreezing

Changing

Refreezing

Transforming

__________ is an ongoing, dynamic, long-term change or evolution that occurs because of various learning experiences. 

Development

Training

Education

Curriculum